<i>Isatis indigotica</i>: a review of phytochemistry, pharmacological activities and clinical applications

Abstract Objectives Isatis indigotica Fort. (I. indigotica) is an herbaceous plant belonging to Cruciferae family. Its leaf (IIL) and root (IIR) are commonly used in traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) with good clinical efficacies such as clearing away heat detoxification, cooling blood reducing swelling. This review aimed provide a systematic summary on the phytochemistry, pharmacology applications of I. indigotica. Key findings contains alkaloids, organic acids, flavonoids, lignans, nucleosides, amino steroids. Previous pharmacological researches indicated that possesses promising antivirus, antibacterial, immunoregulatory, anti-inflammation, cholagogic effects. Importantly, it can inhibit various viruses, influenza, hepatitis B, mumps, herpes simplex, cytomegalovirus, coxsachievirus. Clinically, frequently treat viral diseases like parotitis hepatitis. Consequently, may be beneficial for prevention treatment coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Summary paper reviewed chemical constituents, effects which guide further research application this plant.